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Humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) is defined as an avulsion (tearing away) of the inferior glenohumeral ligament from the anatomic neck of the humerus.〔A. Khanna, MRI for Orthopaedic Surgeons, Thieme 2009 〕 In other words, it occurs when we have disruption of the ligaments that join the humerus to the glenoid. HAGL tends to occur in 7.5-9.3% of cases of anterior shoulder instability.〔MRI of HAGL Lesions: Four Arthroscopically Confirmed Cases of False-Positive Diagnosis J. Stuart Melvin1, John D. MacKenzie, Elliott Nacke, Brian J. Sennett1 and Lawrence Wells.2008,〕Making it an uncommon cause of anterior shoulder instability. Avulsion of this ligamentous complex may occur in three sites: glenoid insertion (40%), the midsubstance (35%) and the humeral insertion (25%).〔 Bony humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (BHAGL) refers when we have HAGL with bony fracture.〔 ==Causes== Most commonly due to anterior shoulder dislocation caused by hyperabduction and external rotation of the arm. Usually in young men who play contact sports (E.g. rugby, football, volleyball, basketball, etc.).〔Christian L. Carlson, MD, MS The “J” Sign〕 Frequent anterior (frontward) subluxation also poses a great risk factor. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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